Joseph Choukroun1
*
Georges Khoury, DDS2
Fouad Khoury, MD, PhD3
Philippe Russe, DDS4
Tiziano Testori, MD5
Yataro Komiyama, DDS, PhD6
Gilberto Sammartino, MD, PhD7
Patrick Palacci, DDS8
Mustafa Tunali, DDS, PhD9
Elisa Choukroun10

Following a failure of a bone graft or an implant placement, the hypothesis of a biological abnormality is rarely
considered as a possible cause. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature for dyslipidemia or vitamin D
deficiency may explain this lack of consideration. Excess low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (dyslipidemia) is
responsible for a slower bone metabolism or lower dental implant osseointegration. In addition, vitamin D is a
key factor for linking innate and adaptive immunity. Both of these factors are compromised under the
conditions of vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency slows implant osseointegration and increases
the risk of graft infection. Vitamin D is also involved in immune function and therefore allergic reactions.